If you’re a passionate diver, you probably know that one of the most critical pieces of equipment in cold water diving is your wetsuit. The right wetsuit ensures that you stay warm, comfortable, and safe while exploring colder waters. However, with the wide variety of wetsuits on the market, choosing the best one for your cold water adventures can be overwhelming.
In this comprehensive guide, we will dive into everything you need to know about selecting the perfect wetsuit for cold water diving. From understanding the types of wetsuits available to evaluating factors like thickness, fit, and material, this article will help you make an informed decision so you can focus on enjoying your dives.
Why Do You Need a Wetsuit for Cold Water Diving?
Cold water diving presents unique challenges, and exposure to low temperatures can quickly lead to hypothermia. A good wetsuit provides insulation by trapping a thin layer of water between your body and the suit. Your body heats this water, which acts as an insulator, keeping you warm throughout your dive. Without a wetsuit, your body will lose heat rapidly, which can lead to discomfort, loss of focus, and even serious health risks.
When it comes to cold water diving (generally considered to be below 60°F or 16°C), the importance of choosing a wetsuit with the right features becomes even more crucial.
Factors to Consider When Choosing a Wetsuit for Cold Water Diving
Wetsuit Thickness
One of the most important factors to consider when choosing a wetsuit for cold water diving is its thickness. Wetsuit thickness is typically measured in millimeters (mm), and the thicker the suit, the more insulation it provides. Most cold water diving wetsuits range from 5mm to 7mm in thickness, with the most common thickness being 7mm for extremely cold environments.
- 3mm wetsuits: Suitable for water temperatures between 70°F and 85°F (21°C to 29°C).
- 5mm wetsuits: Good for moderately cold waters, typically between 60°F and 70°F (15°C to 21°C).
- 7mm wetsuits: Ideal for cold water diving, in temperatures ranging from 45°F to 60°F (7°C to 16°C).
For extremely cold environments, divers may opt for semi-dry suits or drysuits, which offer even better thermal protection (more on that later).
Types of Wetsuits
There are several different styles of wetsuits that you can choose from, depending on your needs:
- Full Wetsuits (Steamer Suits): These cover the entire body, including the arms and legs, offering the most protection from cold water. Full wetsuits are the standard choice for cold water diving because they provide maximum insulation.
- Two-Piece Wetsuits: These consist of separate top and bottom pieces, often with overlapping layers, which provide extra insulation. A 7mm two-piece wetsuit can provide more thermal protection than a single 7mm wetsuit because of the added thickness at the torso.
- Hooded Wetsuits: Cold water diving wetsuits often include a built-in hood or a separate hood to protect your head, where much of your body heat is lost. Hooded wetsuits are ideal for keeping warm in frigid conditions.
Wetsuit Materials
The primary material used in wetsuits is neoprene, a synthetic rubber that provides insulation by trapping heat. Not all neoprene is created equal, though. Here’s what to look for:
- Standard Neoprene: This is the most common type of neoprene and provides good insulation and flexibility. However, it can be somewhat stiff, especially at greater thicknesses.
- Superstretch Neoprene: Also known as ultrastretch neoprene, this material is more flexible than standard neoprene, offering better comfort and ease of movement. It’s often used in premium wetsuits.
- Open-Cell Neoprene: This material is found in high-end wetsuits and provides superior insulation because it sticks to the skin, preventing water from circulating inside the suit. However, open-cell neoprene is more delicate and requires more care.
Seams and Stitching
In cold water diving, the seams of your wetsuit are crucial in keeping you warm. Water can seep in through poorly made seams, reducing the effectiveness of the insulation. There are different types of seam construction, and you should pay attention to these when choosing a wetsuit:
- Flatlock Stitching: Common in warmer water wetsuits, flatlock stitching isn’t ideal for cold water because it allows water to seep in.
- Blind Stitching: This type of stitching is found in most cold water wetsuits. The stitching doesn’t penetrate all the way through the neoprene, which helps keep water out.
- Sealed Seams: Wetsuits with sealed seams use glue along the stitching to prevent water from entering. For cold water, look for glued and blind-stitched seams.
- Taped Seams: In premium wetsuits, taped seams are added on the inside of the suit for extra durability and waterproofing.
Fit and Comfort
A wetsuit’s fit is just as important as its thickness and material. A wetsuit that’s too loose will allow water to circulate inside the suit, causing rapid heat loss. A wetsuit that’s too tight, on the other hand, will restrict your movement and be uncomfortable during your dive.
When trying on wetsuits, make sure it fits snugly around your neck, wrists, and ankles, as these are key areas where water can enter. However, it should still allow you to move your arms and legs freely. For cold water diving, you’ll also want to consider the fit of additional accessories like hoods, gloves, and boots.
Additional Considerations for Cold Water Diving
Semi-Dry Suits vs. Wetsuits
For colder water conditions, some divers opt for semi-dry suits. A semi-dry suit is similar to a wetsuit but has better seals at the wrists, ankles, and neck to minimize water entry. These suits trap water just like wetsuits, but the reduced water exchange helps retain body heat more effectively. If you’re diving in waters around 45°F to 60°F (7°C to 16°C), a semi-dry suit might offer better protection than a traditional wetsuit.
Drysuits for Extreme Cold Water
When diving in temperatures below 45°F (7°C), a drysuit is the best option. Unlike wetsuits, drysuits keep you completely dry by creating a waterproof seal around your body. Divers typically wear insulating layers beneath the drysuit to stay warm. While drysuits are more expensive and require special training to use, they provide the best thermal protection for extremely cold water environments.
Additional Gear for Cold Water Diving
In addition to your wetsuit, you’ll need other gear to protect your extremities:
- Hood: Keeps your head warm, especially in water temperatures below 60°F (15°C).
- Gloves: Wetsuit gloves are essential for keeping your hands warm and functional in cold water.
- Boots: Wetsuit boots (often made from neoprene) will protect your feet from the cold and offer extra grip on slippery surfaces.
Maintenance and Care for Cold Water Wetsuits
Wetsuits require proper care to maintain their insulating properties and prolong their lifespan, especially after exposure to salt water and cold environments. Here are some tips for wetsuit care:
- Rinse after every dive: Always rinse your wetsuit with fresh water after diving to remove salt, sand, and debris. Saltwater can degrade the neoprene over time.
- Dry in the shade: Never dry your wetsuit in direct sunlight, as UV rays can cause the neoprene to become brittle and lose its elasticity. Instead, hang it in a shaded, well-ventilated area.
- Use a wetsuit hanger: When storing your wetsuit, use a wide wetsuit hanger to prevent stretching around the shoulders.
- Check the zippers and seals: Regularly inspect zippers and seals for wear and tear. Lubricate zippers with zipper wax or a silicone-based lubricant to keep them functioning smoothly.
- Store properly: Store your wetsuit flat or hanging in a cool, dry place. Avoid folding it for extended periods, as this can cause creases and weaken the material.
Frequently Asked Questions (FAQ)
What wetsuit thickness do I need for cold water diving?
For cold water diving, a wetsuit thickness of at least 5mm to 7mm is recommended. A 7mm wetsuit is ideal for water temperatures between 45°F to 60°F (7°C to 16°C). If you’re diving in even colder temperatures, you may want to consider a semi-dry suit or a drysuit for better protection.
Can I wear a wetsuit designed for warm water in cold water?
Wearing a wetsuit designed for warm water in cold water is not advisable. Warm water wetsuits, typically 3mm or thinner, won’t provide enough insulation in colder temperatures. This can lead to rapid heat loss and increase the risk of hypothermia. For cold water diving, always choose a wetsuit that’s 5mm or thicker.
What is the difference between a wetsuit and a drysuit?
A wetsuit traps a thin layer of water between your body and the suit, which is warmed by your body heat to keep you insulated. A drysuit, on the other hand, keeps you completely dry by creating a waterproof seal around your body. Drysuits are typically used in very cold water where wetsuits are insufficient, and you can wear insulating layers beneath the suit for added warmth.
What accessories do I need for cold water diving?
In addition to a wetsuit, you’ll need cold water diving accessories to protect your extremities. These include:
- A hood to keep your head warm.
- Wetsuit gloves to protect your hands from the cold.
- Wetsuit boots to keep your feet warm and provide extra grip.
How should I care for my cold water wetsuit?
To care for your cold water wetsuit:
- Rinse it with fresh water after each dive.
- Hang it to dry in the shade, using a wetsuit hanger.
- Avoid exposing it to direct sunlight for long periods.
- Check zippers and seals regularly, and store the wetsuit in a cool, dry place.
Conclusion
Choosing the best wetsuit for cold water diving involves considering several important factors, such as thickness, material, fit, and the specific conditions in which you’ll be diving. With the right wetsuit and accessories, you’ll be well-prepared to stay warm, comfortable, and safe during your cold water dives.
Remember, investing in a high-quality wetsuit not only enhances your diving experience but also helps protect your body from the dangers of cold water exposure. Take the time to find a wetsuit that fits your needs, and you’ll be ready to dive into new adventures, even in the chilliest of waters.
